The Events That Changed Latin America - 2205 Words

The Event that Changed Latin America The Latin American countries have been subject to many changes ever since the American continent was discovered. These changes have mainly affected the economy, culture and power changes these countries have suffered throughout the years. According to Jon Charles Chasteen on his book â€Å"Born in Blood Fire† During the twentieth century, there were three main events that changed the course of Latin American countries and their economies. These three events were, the emergence of nationalism, the end of World War II, and the Cuban revolution. However, in my point of view, the event that created more impact in Latin America and the future of these countries has been Cuban Revolution. It is not a secret that the Cuban Revolution created a big impact to the country’s future, unfortunately this revolution not only changed Cuba, but also the entire region of Latin America. However, the revolution, led by Fidel Castro, brought hope for t hose who supported the fight against the repressive government in the island, but it also brought a red signal of danger and fear of Cold War to other countries in America, especially for United States. Even though the revolutionary Fidel Castro was friend with the Soviet Union, Cuba never played a big role outside of the island. Nevertheless, United State anti-communism policy encouraged a violent anti-revolutionary reaction that spreader all over Latin America in the 60’s and 70’s. They wanted toShow MoreRelatedChanges in Latin America and East Asia during 1450 - Present Period1021 Words   |  4 Pagesexamining the change and continuity of commerce in Latin America during the time period, 1450-present, some things changed and some things stayed the same. One thing that changed was the previous, trade which was limited to llamas and was therefore more regional. This changed due to the introduction of cattle due to the Colombian Exchange. One thing that continued for the most part was the items used for trading because of the natural resources in Latin America such as silver and various crops that wereRead MoreEducation Has Changed A Lot Over The Years1150 Words   |  5 Pages Education in America has changed a lot over the years. It has gone from having school for a selection of students held in the schoolmaster’s house, to every child going to school five days a week to a school building that can be anything from a small one story building to a large campus of school buildings. Current education in America can be considered very organized, and a large improvement. Education in the America’s past was very different than it is today, and has undergone many changes. BothRead MoreThe Declaration Of The United States990 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic Community approved trade sanctions against Argentina. Britain received support from America when President Ronald Reagan abandoned the shuttle diplomacy that was once proposed between Britain and Argentina 4. After several actions of resistance, the Argentines were defeated by the British and surrendered on June 14th 1982. As a result of the war, nearly 1,000 lives were lost 4. US vs. Latin America After the war, the main priority for Britain was the reconstruction where it turned out to beRead MoreRace, By John Davidson892 Words   |  4 Pagesconstantly in many sources and evidence of the past. This has led many historians to merely regard race as another mode of explanation, which is the case for studying race in Latin America. One historian, John Davidson (like a few others) are somewhat doubtful about the concept of race. He like many others fears that it is way too clumsy to describe as well as too complex. Many historians do not like using concepts that are fabricated. As Davidson says â€Å"race exists as a socially constructed realityRead MoreThe Fate Of The Fruit That Changed The World1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe author of the book, â€Å"The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World† (2008), Dan Koeppel, who is a famous journalist describes in a fascinating way banana’s cultural importance, threats associated with the crops of banana in the future and banana’ history. Banana is a very delicious fruit and is eaten all over the world. Banana is one of the world’s fourth largest harvests in the world. Dole and Chiquita are eminent American based distributors and producers of banana. They are claiming to produceRead MoreThe Breakfast Of Champions By Ray Bradbury1435 Words   |  6 Pagesto do rather than just doing what he is told. Breakfast of Champions is a science fiction novel describing the lives of two strange men. One of these men is Kilgore Trout, an unheard of novelist who will soon become one of the most famous men in America. The other man in this story is Dwayne Hoover, a wealthy man who made his fortune off of speculation on the stock market. Despite his luxurious home and fantastic job, Dwayne will soon be appalled by Kilgore Trout’s idea that everyone around DwayneRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration By Christopher Columbus1358 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan to colonize the countries they had â€Å"discovered†. A major part of the world that they colonized was Latin America. Spain was the first to colonize, and the United States started to take interest in Latin America towards the 19th century. Europe and The United States both took interest in Latin America, but for different reasons. Spain was the first European nation to colonize Latin America, beginning with Christopher Columbus voyage in 1492. Columbus conquered Hispaniola, an island in the CaribbeanRead MoreTechnology in the Business Field1077 Words   |  5 Pages The city used to be a role model for other cities in Latin America and may be a role model for other cities around the world. It is a historical city and it used to have a wonderful architecture. Unfortunately, houses, theaters and buildings are in ruins and uninhabitable and sadly people do not have many options and they have to live in the ruins. Despite this situation the city remains being one of the architectural jewels of Latin America. The city is living in decadence and its habitants needRead MoreImmigration Of Latin Americans : Immigration Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration of Latin Americans Immigration involves the movement of a group of people from one country to another where they do not possess citizenship. There are many reasons in which people may leave their country such as employment, lack of resources, family, fear due to violence, exile, the American dream. In 1965, Congress changed immigration law in ways that allowed much more intake from Asia and Latin America than earlier. Before 1965, the intake was mostly from Europe. Since then, overRead MoreThe American Dream Of The Usa After World War I1537 Words   |  7 Pageswas needed. Foreign policy through the end of the 1890 s was about taking over in Latin America and gaining power as they became more imperialist to help sell their goods in other countries without added tariffs. The Monroe Doctrine started the expansion by helping to keep Europe away from all the independent states, and the rest of the continent was also showed authority over places such as Venezuela in Latin America. With added success against Spain for Cuba as they extended the Manifest Destiny

Week 6 Individual Knowledge Check - 966 Words

Week 6 Knowledge Check Top of Form 1 . As a university student, your institution’s social principles and practices reflect on you, as a stakeholder, in the organization. Therefore, it is your right to question how these practices should be evaluated in relation to the social issues that your school is addressing. If your university was paying minimum wage when necessary and applying the minimum legal standards to its employees’ work environment, it would be said to have fulfilled its ________. A. social obligation B. social responsibility C. social responsiveness D. social expectation Bottom of Form Correct : An organization performs certain activities because it is obligated to do so to avoid economic or legal ramifications. By paying†¦show more content†¦complying with accounting rules and controls C. providing high-quality products or services D. demonstrating fairness and honesty Bottom of Form Correct : Being a dependable organizational citizen includes being honest and fair. Therefore, it is important for employees to demonstrate these values by treating coworkers and customers fairly and keeping their word when working with these individuals. Top of Form 13 . ___________________ evaluate management practices related to the organization’s ethical code. A. Protective mechanisms B. Whistle-blowers C. Financial disclosures D. Independent social audits Bottom of Form Correct : Independent social audits are conducted on either a regular basis or on a random basis to ensure compliance and deter unethicalShow MoreRelatedPERSONAL ND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Essays1351 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Lesson Plan – 2 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Unit Title: Personal and Professional Development Topic: Personal Swot Analysis Week 2 Time: Variable Duration: 5 Hours Lecturers: Module Leader: Joy Meme Venue: Variable No of students: Variable Lesson Objectives: 1.Understanding of the use and concept of a Personal SWOT Analysis 2.Completion of a Personal SWOT Analysis 3.Reading and discussion of the article-â€Å"How to LeadRead MoreEth 321 Week 4 Knowledge Check Study Guide610 Words   |  3 PagesETH 321 Week 4 Knowledge Check Study guide Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/eth-321-new/eth-321-week-4-knowledge-check-study-guide/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ETH 321 Week 4 Knowledge Check Study guide ï‚ § 1-Identify the true statement about administrative agencies. They are not authorized to perform legislative functions. They are charged with the task of creating regulations that are legally enforceable. They have only judicial and not executive powers. TheirRead MoreCHRP Activity 1 Resourcing Talent1032 Words   |  5 Pages 2)Identify and explain at least 3 organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce. The three benefits to attracting and retaining a diverse workforce are: A varied array of employees means different levels of skills and knowledge, enabling each sector of an organisation to excel. A diverse workforce means people possess different attitudes and values whether these values are derived from race, religion or even nationality. When all brought together can benefit the companyRead MoreA Relationship Between The Woman And The Midwife Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough mutual understanding (2010, p. 7). Continue care model is a holistic approach in assessing a woman’s health with equal emphasis on her physical, emotional and social aspects of wellbeing in a partnership model of midwifery care. The sharing knowledge and experience of the midwife will enable and support the woman in monitoring her own health. However, midwife is required to integrate cultural safety into her midwifery practice; be flexible, sensitive and understanding (Pairman, S., PincombeRead MoreNarrative Report for Ojt1664 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom instructions and discover new knowledge to facilitate improvement. 3. To provide trainees the opportunity to acquire more skills and techniques in doing various tasks and responsibilities. 4. To enable students develop a sense of professionalism, love of work and commitment to people they serve. 5. To experience positive interpersonal skill, thereby enhancing their ability to interact successfully in a wider community. 6. Enhance their knowledge and skills acquired in the classroomRead MoreGeneral Survey Of Major British Literary Masterpieces From The Anglo Saxon Period1136 Words   |  5 Pagesand Gainesville libraries. You can go to the library to read or Xerox copies of assigned texts to take with you. 2. Check any area library (public or academic) and you may be able to locate a copy of the textbook. If not this specific text, any British lit textbook will likely carry most assigned works. Also, most of the assigned works are available in stand-alone publications. 3. Check online. For older works that are no longer under copyright, you may be able to locate e-texts. Instructor’s Name:Read MoreElementary Algebra and Study Plan2894 Words   |  12 Pagesavailable on the student website. Technical Support Student Tech Support: 1-866-334-7332 Student Tech Support: 1-877-832-4867 MyMathLab Tech Support: 800-677-6337 MML Tech Support Hours: M-Fr: 8-8p; Saturday 5-12 EST All homework, study plan, self check and final exam, assignments must be completed in the MyMathLab ®. Late Assignments receive a10% deduction for each day they are late. If assignments are not completed in MyMathLab ® by 11:59 p.m. M.S.T. on the day they are due then they are consideredRead MoreStr 581 Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pageswith the textbook used in this course. †¢ Review the Strategic Plan and Presentation Student Information. Course Materials All electronic materials are available on your student website. Week1 Mission, Vision, and Values Tasks †¢ Review the Week One Study Guide. †¢ Review the Capstone Examination Study Materials. Jul, 09 - Jul, 15 Objectives Mission, Vision, and Values 1.1 1.2 1.3 Identify major components of a strategic management process. Evaluate the organizations motivation strategyRead MoreStudent I Choose For My Mini Action Research Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Student I choose for my mini action research has constant difficulties staying on task, during daily activities, and instruction. I noticed in the first week of observation, that my mentor teacher had to remind him to complete his daily work, instead of drawing in his notebooks. My mentor teacher stated, that she has tried several times to contact his parents regarding this matter, but has yet to receive a phone call back. I also was informed that he repeated the first grade, due to low testRead MoreHow Will I Advertise?1174 Words   |  5 PagesI choose indeed/com because according to ebizmba.com, it is the number one most accessed job-seeking website, stated in their article titled Top 15 Most Popular Job Websites. Will be able export the job adver tisement onto the website, and if an individual is interested enough to click â€Å"apply† it will direct them right to our web application. Once the application and resume is submitted all of the information will be transferred to our database. From there I will be able to sort through the applicants

How To Enter A Nine

How To Enter A Nine-ball Tournament Essay How to Play Tournament Nine-ballPeople may think that spending eight dollars on a tournament is a waste of money. Every Sunday I go to Millertime Billiards and enter a nine-ball tournament. I never go in thinking that Im going to win at least my entry fee back, although it would be nice. On the other hand, I always go in knowing that I will walk out understanding more about the game then the night before.The tournament starts at 7:30 p.m., but the entry fee must be paid before that. After paying, all there is to do is wait. When they call your name and table its time to play. Its a race to four wins. To keep track of the games place a coin under the middle diamond. Every game won constitutes a move of the coin one diamond. The winner goes to the front counter and gives them the results. The loser of the first game doesnt have to go home. The tournament is double elimination. After the first game is lost, the player goes down to the losers bracket. One loss in there means its time to go home, or at least sit down and wait for the nine-ball break. The winner of the losers bracket is guaranteed second place. To get first place the winner of the loser bracket will have to beat the winner of the winners bracket twice. After they establish and record all the winners and losers for the forth round they call all the people who entered the tournament down to table 5 for the nine-ball break. The racks are usually set up by an A player or better. Three names are drawn out of a box. Everybody that got there name picked gets two chances to drop the nine-ball on the break unless the person before them already hit it in. Two dollars of the entry fee go toward the pot for the winner. If there isnt a winner the pot just gets bigger for the next week.Tournaments are hard and expensive if you only get to play two games. Once good enough, which takes time and practice, there is a chance to win all the money that has been invested and more. When playing nervousness will occur, but the most important thing to remember is that it is just a game and games are supposed to be fun! Category: English

Operating Exposure Essay Example

Operating Exposure Paper Xian- Janssen Pharmaceutical (China) and the Euro INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Case Questions and Answers 1. How significant an impact do foreign exchange gains and losses have on corporate performance at XJP? What is your opinion of how they structure and manage their currency exposures? During 2003, the dramatic raise in the value of Euro against the dollar resulted in foreign exchange losses of Rmb 75 billion, out of which Rmb 60 billion were charged as 2003 cost of hedging. The year of 2003 proved to be fortunate for the XJP Company, housing fund adjustment and inventory valuation reversal recorded extraordinary gains of Rmb 70 billion. These gains had lessened the negative influence of the foreign exchange losses on the company’s net earnings resulting in a net increase of Rmb 10 billion. In 2004, The Company estimated the Euro to further appreciate relative to the US dollar. Estimated foreign exchange losses were Rmb 75 billion. Since the year 2004 is unlikely to be fortunate like 2003, the appreciation of the Euro is estimated to affect the profitability of the company and result in a reduction of 4. 6% in net earnings. I think XPY Company should consider getting raw material and finished products from suppliers, other than JJ, specifically who are based in countries where currencies are pegged to the US dollar. Moreover, the company should negotiate and discuss the possibility of setting lower internal transfer prices and applying centralized hedging practices where the parent company attempt to net transaction exposure of all its subsidiaries. . JJ has roughly 200 foreign subsidiaries worldwide. It has always pursued a highly decentralized organizational structure, in which the individual units are responsible for their own performance from the top to the bottom line of the income statement. How is this reflected in the situation XJP finds itself? Examining the case of XJP along with the losses generated from FX movements and hedging costs, decentralized organizational structure proved to be inefficient. We will write a custom essay sample on Operating Exposure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Operating Exposure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Operating Exposure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this example, granting XJP Company the full responsibility to manage currency risks and bear hedging costs negatively affected the company’s profitability. However, I still believe that the management of XJP Company should be given a room of freedom (decentralization) in other areas like deciding from where to import and with whom to deal. Moreover, the company should be given the opportunity to produce more than just generic products, to positions its differentiated products and to market them. 3. What is the relationship between actual spot exchange rate, the budgeted spot exchange rate, the forward rate, and the expectations for the Chinese subsidiary’s financial results by the U. S. parent company? Actual spot exchange rate is defined as rate of a foreign-exchange contract for immediate delivery. It’s basically the actual and current price of one currency in terms of the other. The budgeted spot exchange rate is estimated by the company to be the rate of a foreign-exchange contract for immediate delivery at a certain point of time. Normally, companies estimate or forecast the spot exchange rate to plan, budget and form expectations and strategic plans. This rate can be estimated by the company’s researchers, economists or third party consultants. The forward rate is the rate of a foreign-exchange contract for future delivery With regards to the case study of XJP Company, the forecasted or budgeted spot exchange rates proved to be deviating from the actual average forward rates. For example, in 2003, the company budgeted spot exchange rate (euro/Rmb) at 8. and since the expected import purchase was million 121 euros, the company estimated import purchases to be (8. 6 X million 121 euro), which is Rmb 1. 0406 billion. However, as the actual average forward rate of the euro reached 9. 22, the company’s actual cost of imports recorded Rmb 1. 11562 billion, resulting in Rmb 75. 020 million losses due to cost of hedging. With regard to 2004 budget figures, the company budgeted spot exchange rate (euro/R mb) at 9. 8 and since the expected import purchase was million 145 euros, the company estimated import purchases to be (9. X million 145 euro), which is Rmb 1. 42296 billion. However, as the actual average forward rate of the euro reached 10. 5, the company’s actual cost of imports recorded Rmb 1. 5246 billion, resulting in Rmb 101. 64 million losses due to cost of hedging. Analyzing the effect of the exchange rate movement and cost of hedging on the financial figures of XJP, JJ underestimated the significant role played by exchange rate movement and cost of hedging on the gross cost of product sold of its subsidiary. It’s obvious that the parent company had set the objective of 20% growth in earning without considering the high cost of hedging and foreign exchange losses. 4. If you were Paul Young, what would you do? The answer to this question depends on whether Paul wants to tradeoff risk for return, in other words, it depends on whether he is concerned about meeting JJ’s objective of achieving 20% growth rate. If he decided to fulfill the JJ’s objected growth rate, then he is advised not to hedge against foreign exchange movements. Under this situation, he will expose the company to a greater currency risk, while at the same time, he would be able to meet and fulfill the required growth rate by the parent company. On the other hand, if Paul decided to hedge XJP’s position and its gross cost of goods sold against currency risk, he would definitely fail to meet JJ’s expectations due to high cost of hedging, while at the same time, he will expose his company (XJP) to a much lower currency risk. In other words, if Paul happened to be a conservative manager, he will most probably favor hedging the company’s gross cost of products sold against currency movements, therefore, sacrificing high profit rates. However, if he happened to be an aggressive and risk taking manager, them he would choose to unhedge the company’s gross cost of products sold therefore, exposing XJP Company to a much greater currency risk.

Hamlet v. Ozymandias free essay sample

Shakespeare’s Hamlet vs. Ozymandias Comparative Essay By: Nabeeha Darr The texts that are being discussed in this essay both share parallel themes, and this essay will be describing and comparing two of the similar themes, Greed and Appearance vs. Reality. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, possibly one of the greatest plays that has ever been put to paper, we encounter the prince of Denmark, Hamlet himself, and the trails and suffering he has to go through. In the beginning we know that the old king died and his brother, Hamlets’ uncle Claudius, marries the queen Gertrude and becomes the new ruler. In the poem Ozymandias, by Percy Bysshe we start of meeting a wanderer, who meets a stranger. He then hears the story of the foolish king Ozymandias, who thought that his once wondrous works would still be standing after he died. Instead, he became the lonely king of nothing. Both Hamlet and king Ozymandias were lonely people, and they both lose everything in the end. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet v. Ozymandias or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two key themes that are shared in these texts include Greed, and Appearance vs. Reality. The first theme I chose to write about is the theme of Greed. In Hamlet, this relates to King Claudius’ hunger for power, resulting in his downfall. All he wanted was to be King, and his desire for power was so strong, he ended up killing his own blood brother, Old King Hamlet. However his reign as king did not last very long and he soon met his own downfall, along with a number of other deaths. In the poem Ozymandias, the foolish king who once had a large and wondrous empire was stupid enough to think that it would last through the ages, and that the people would still look up to him for even in death this King was greedy. His lust for supremacy led him to build a statue of himself, telling his people that he was supreme, and his glorious empire would stand forever. In reality, the kingdom disappeared and the lonely king was left to reign over nothing but the barren lands that spread around him for miles out. Both rulers were too greedy for their own good, and that is never a positive thing. In death both of these Kings learnt the same lesson; that with greed and power comes a lonely death. The second theme I noted in both of the texts was Appearance vs. Reality. In the poem Ozymandias, the King thought that he had it all, and that his legacy would live on for ages to come. The appearance of the King was that he was very wealthy but in reality he only ruled for a short amount of time over a land whose verve had ended some time ago. This goes to show that even though he was wealthy in life, he was poor in death, because when we die material possessions don’t matter; it is more the quality of our lives. In Hamlet, there are many different scenarios to show this theme but the main one is when Hamlet pretends to act crazy to carry out his plan to kill Claudius that his father delegated to him. Hamlet appears to act crazy but in reality we assume he is sane. However towards the end of the play we start to think that hamlet might not have been fully acting, and might have gone a little insane, because of all the ordeals he had been through. Both royals in these pieces of writing fool other people whether it is with their riches or their sanity, and the people around them believe these deceptions. In finishing, both of these texts share these two common themes, Greed and Appearance vs. Reality, and they share a common link. These writings are both exquisite in their own way, and each possesses a highly refined storyline. Hamlet is a story of revenge, love, madness, and the importance of family. Ozymandias is a poem dealing with our longing of power, and the human instinct that we all have to be remembered after we die. After all, we only want to be remembered after our death, for our biggest fear is being forgotten.

Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia

Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia Lucy is the name of the nearly complete skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis. She was the first nearly complete skeleton recovered for the species, found in 1974 at the Afar Locality (AL) 228, a site in the Hadar archaeological region on the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia. Lucy is about 3.18 million years old, and is called Denkenesh in Amharic, the language of the local people. Lucy is not the only early example of A. afarensis found at Hadar: many more A. afarensis hominids were found at the site and the nearby AL-333. To date, over 400 A. afarensis skeletons or partial skeletons have been found in the Hadar region from about a half-dozen sites. Two hundred sixteen of them were found at AL 333; together with Al-288 are referred to as the First Family, and they all date between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. What Scientists Have Learned About Lucy and Her Family The numbers of available specimens of A. afarensis from Hadar (including over 30 crania) have allowed continuing scholarship in several regions concerning Lucy and her family. These issues have included terrestrial bipedal locomotion; the expression of sexual dimorphism and how body size shapes human behavior; and the paleoenvironment in which A. afarensis lived and thrived. Lucys post-cranium skeleton expresses multiple features related to habitual striding bipedalism, including elements of Lucys spine, legs, knees, feet, and pelvis. Recent research has shown that she didnt move in ​the  same way as humans do, nor was she simply a terrestrial being. ​A. afarensis may well have still been adapted to live and work in trees at least part time. Some recent research (see Chene et al) also suggests the shape of the females pelves were closer to modern humans and less similar to the great apes.d less similar to the great apes. A. afarensis lived in the same region for over 700,000 years, and during that time, the climate changed several times, from arid to moist, from open spaces to closed forests and back again. Yet, A. afarensis persisted, adapting to those changes without requiring major physical changes. Sexual Dimorphism Debate Significant sexual dimorphismthat female animal bodies and teeth are significantly smaller than malesis typically found in species which have intense male to male competition. A. afarensis possesses a degree of postcranial skeletal size dimorphism matched or exceeded only by the great apes, including orangutans and gorillas. However, A. afarensis teeth are not significantly different between males and females. Modern humans, by comparison, have low levels of male-male competition, and male and female teeth and body size are far more similar. The peculiarity of that is stil debated: teeth size reduction may be the result of adapting to a different diet, rather than a signal of less male-to-male physical aggression. Lucys History The central Afar basin was first surveyed by Maurice Taieb in the 1960s; and in 1973, Taieb, Donald Johanson and Yves Coppens formed the International Afar Research Expedition to begin extensive exploration of the region. Partial hominin fossils were discovered in Afar in 1973, and the nearly complete Lucy was discovered in 1974. AL 333 was discovered in 1975. Laetoli was discovered in the 1930s, and the famous footprints discovered in 1978. Various dating measures have been used on the Hadar fossils, including Potassium/Argon (K/AR) and geochemical analysis of the volcanic tuffs, and currently  , scholars have tightened the range to between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. The species was defined, using Hadar and A. afarensis specimens from Laetoli in Tanzania, in 1978. Lucys Significance Lucy and her familys discovery and investigation remodeled physical anthropology, making it a much more rich and nuanced field than before, partly because the science changed, but also because for the first time, scientists had an adequate database to investigate all the issues around her. In addition, and this is a personal note, I think one of the most significant things about Lucy is that Donald Johanson and Edey Maitland wrote and published a popular science book about her. The book called Lucy, the Beginnings of Humankind made the scientific chase for the human ancestors accessible to the public.   Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Lower Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Thanks are owed to Tadewos Assebework, of Indiana University, for correcting some minor errors. Chene G, Lamblin G, Lebail-Carval K, Chabert P, Marà ¨s P, Coppens Y, and Mellier G. 2015. The genital prolapse of Australopithecus Lucy? International Urogynecology Journal 26(7):975-980.Chene G, Tardieu AS, Trombert B, Amouzougan A, Lamblin G, Mellier G, and Coppens Y. 2014. A species’ Odyssey: evolution of obstetrical mechanics from Australopithecus Lucy to nowadays. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 181:316-320.DeSilva JM, and Throckmorton ZJ. 2011. Lucys Flat Feet: The Relationship between the Ankle and Rearfoot Arching in Early Hominins. PLoS ONE 5(12):e14432.Johanson DC. 2004. Lucy, Thirty Years Later: An expanded view of Australopithecus afarensis. Journal of Anthropological Research 60(4):465-486.Johanson DC, and White TD. 1979. A systematic assessment of early African hominids. Science 203(4378):321-330.Kimbel WH, and Delezene LK. 2009. â€Å"Lucy† redux: A review of research on Australopithecus afarensis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140(S49):2-48. Meyer MR, Williams SA, Smith MP, and Sawyer GJ. 2015. Lucys back: Reassessment of fossils associated with the A.L. 288-1 vertebral column. Journal of Human Evolution 85:174-180.Nagano A, Umberger BR, Marzke MW, and Gerritsen KGM. 2005. Neuromusculoskeletal computer modeling and simulation of upright, straight-legged, bipedal locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288-1). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126(1):2-13.Sellers WI, Cain GM, Wang W, and Crompton RH. 2005. Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2(5):431-441.

Educational Philosophy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Educational Philosophy - Research Paper Example From all of the theories presented about pre-service teacher, the most common and well known theories are that of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). Lev Vygotsky was an educational theorist, who has presented numerous theories about the impact of culture on child’s mental and behavioural development. He also presented ideas about pre-service teachers. According to him, students should be inspired and motivated enough to present their own creativity and knowledge in their writings. He further states that the person who is interacting with child has most of the responsibility for problem solving but slowly and gradually his responsibilities transfer to the child. Example: If the theory of Lev Vygotsky is implemented in the premises of today’s classrooms, then it can bring profound changes. Children must be allowed to utilize their own thoughts and creativity, be it in art work, writing or any other intellectual activity. In extra-curricular activities, children should be encouraged to bring those projects which reflect any notion of their immediate culture or background in order to value diversity in classroom. Kolb (1984) stated that effective pre-service teachers need to have ability in four different areas; observation, experience, conceptualization and experimentation. Kolb (1984) states that teachers need to openly and fully involve themselves in providing new experiences to the students. Teachers need to present and reflect these experiences from several different perspectives, in other words, teachers should provide reflective observation. They must also conceptualize those observations with supportive logics and facts. At the end, they should use these concepts for problem solving and decision making which is the fourth component, namely experimentation. Example: After the students bring in projects or related material about their respective culture, the duty of teachers start. Teachers should acknowledge other students about each student’s culture.