Causes and Spread of Infection Essay Example for Free

Causes and Spread of Infection Essay 1.1Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Bacteria are a single celled organism that multiplies by themselves. The majority of bacteria’s are harmless and beneficial to the human body but some can cause infectious diseases. A bacterium usually affects one part of the body and doesn’t spread across or through the body. Bacterial infections are normally treated with a cause of antibiotics Viruses are made up of genes and proteins that spread throughout the body by invading the body’s own cells so they can reproduce and multiply in the body. They use the body’s cells as a host because they are unable to multiply on their own. They are normally spread directly from human to human. Fungi like to grow in warm, moist places. Some fungi can be beneficial to us such as penicillin, but certain types of fungi can be harmful to our health. Symptoms for fungal diseases can be as common as itching, coughing, fever, wheezing, but they can also be as serious as meningitis or even death. Parasites are organisms that use other organism for its survival. They draw nourishment and other needs from its host organism. Parasites that cause infection and disease are known as Pathogenic parasites. 1.2. Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Bacteria: Ecoli/food poisoning, MRSA, CDIF, Sickness and diarrhea Viruses: Common cold, Influenza, Chicken pox, Cold sores, HIV Fungi: Athletes foot, Thrush, yeast infections, Ring Worm Parasites: Tape worms, Scabies, Malaria 1.3 Describe what is meant by infection and colonisation Infection – is an invasion of a host organisms and bodily tissues by a disease causing organism. Colonisation – occurs when any one or more species populate a specific area. 1.4 Explain what is meant by systemic infection and localized infection Systemic infection – affects a number of organs or tissues or affects the whole body e.g. type 2 diabetes, aids and hyper tension. Localized infection – confined to one organ system or area in the body e.g. abscess, boil, sprain. 1.5 Identify poor practices that may lead to the spread of infection Not wearing personal protective equipment such as disposable gloves, disposable aprons, washing hands and disposing of clinical waste in the correct way.

The Invasion of Normandy :: World War II History

The Invasion of Normandy The battle plan, code-named Operation Overlord, called for the largest amphibious assault ever to start the liberation of occupied Europe from Nazi Germany. It began in the early morning hours of June 6, 1944, now known as D-Day. Thousands of American, British, Canadian, and French soldiers-backed by paratroopers, bombers, and warships-stormed a 50-mile stretch of French beach called Normandy. This "invasion of Normandy" was the greatest event to occur between the years of 1919 and 1945. D-day was the beginning of the end of the war. The invasion of Normandy allowed the Allied forces to get their soldiers back on the European mainland and to start defeating German opposition and Nazi tyranny. It was the major turning point of World War II and perhaps one of the greatest strategic military operations that ever executed. As the tide of World War II began to turn in favor of the Allies, U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower had the task of forming the largest invasion fleet in history, in order for an amphibious landing on the northern coast of France to be effective. If it was executed as planned and labeled a success, the landing would be the starting point for the massive attack. The attack would move eastward through France and into Nazi Germany. In May, while millions of troops and equipment poured into the staging area of southern Britain, the Allies created a decoy. False radio transmissions and rows of inflated rubber tanks and landing craft located away from the true staging area kept the Germans confused about the operation's size and target. The invasion of northern France from England was not launched in May, as its planners had initially prescribed, but on June 6, the famous D-Day of World War II. A huge fighting force had been assembled, including 1,200 fighting ships, 10,000 planes, 4,126 landing craft, 804 transport ships, and hundreds of amphibious and other special purpose tanks. During the operation, 156,000 troops, of which 73,000 were American, were landed in Normandy, airborne and seaborne. As the day of the invasion approached, the weather in the English Channel became stormy. Heavy winds, a five-foot swell at sea, and lowering skies compelled Eisenhower to postpone the assault from the fifth to the sixth of June. Conditions remained poor, but when weathermen predicted that the winds would abate and the cloud cover rise enough on the scheduled day of the attack to permit a go-ahead, Eisenhower reluctantly gave the command.

Constitutional Commissions of the Philippines

Civil Service Commission FUNCTIONS: The Civil Service Commission has the ff. powers and functions: 1. Administer and enforce the constitutional and statutory provisions on the merit system. 2. Prescribe, amend, and enforce suitable rules and regulations for carrying into effect the provisions of the Decree. 3. Promulgate policies, standards, and guidelines for the Civil Service adopt plans and programs to promote economical , efficient, and effective personnel administration in the government. 4. Supervise and coordinate the conduct of civil service examinations. 5.Approve appointments, whether original or promotional, to positions in the civil service. 6. Inspect and audit periodically the personnel work programs of the different departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and other instrumentalities of the government. 7. Hear and decide administrative disciplinary cases instituted directly with it or brought to it on appeal. 8. Perform such other functions as properly belonging to a ce ntral personnel agency. NUMBER OF COMMISSIONERS: Civil Service Commission is composed of a Chairman and two Commissioners. QUALIFICATIONS: 1. They must be natural-born citizens of the Philippines . They must be at least 35 years of age at the time of their appointment (rather than assumption of office)3. They must be persons with proven capacity for public administration. Knowledge of law or experience in the practice of law is not required by the Constitution presumably because the position calls more for administrative ability rather than legal competence. There must be a showing that they have been in the service as an effective public administrator. This is necessary because the Commissioners are responsible for an agency that performs significant functions . They must not have been candidates for any elective position in the elections immediately preceding their appointment. This requirement insures the political neutrality of prospective appointees and effectively precludes th e appointment of political lameducks. TERM: 7 years of term without reappointment †¢ Commission on Elections FUNCTIONS: The  Commission on Elections  has the following powers and functions: 1. Enforce and administer all laws related to the conduct of elections, plebiscite, referendum and recall. 2.Judge all contests relating to elections, results, and qualifications of all elective regional and provincial and city officials; 3. Deputize law enforcement agencies of the Government, including the Armed Forces of the Philippines, to ensure free, orderly and honest elections; 4. Register and accredit political parties; 5. Recommend to the Congress effective measures to minimize election expenses and prohibit all forms of election frauds and malpractices, political opportunism, guest or nuisance candidacy or other similar acts; and 6.Submit reports to the President, the Congress on the conduct of each election, plebiscite, referendum or recall. NUMBER OF COMMISSIONERS: The Commis sion on Elections is composed of a Chairman and 6 Commissioners. QUALIFICATIONS: 1. They must be natural-born citizens of the Philippines. 2. They must be at least 35 years of age at the time of their appointment. 3. They must be at least holders of a college degree. 4. They must not have been candidates for any elective position in the immediately preceding elections. TERM: 7 years of term without reappointment Commission on Audit FUNCTIONS: The  Commission on Audit  has the following powers and functions: 1. Examine, audit and settle, in accordance with law and regulations, all accounts pertaining to the revenues and receipts of aid expenditures or uses of funds and property of the government and all government-owned or controlled corporations; and 2. Submit to the President and the Congress an annual financial report of the government including government-owned or controlled operations, and recommend measures necessary to improve their efficiency and effectiveness.NUMBER OF C OMMISSIONERS: The Commission on Audit is composed of a Chairman and 2 commissioners. QUALIFICATIONS: 1. They must be natural-born citizens of the Philippines. 2. They must be at least 35 years of age at the time of their appointment. 3. They must be certified public accountants with not less than 10 years of auditing experience or members of the Philippine Bar who have engaged in the practice of law for 10 years. 4. They must not have been candidates for any elective position in the elections preceding their appointment. TERM: 7 years of term without reappointment

Essay On Child Discipline - 1296 Words

Discipline has always been an effective way to guide children. There are many forms of discipline that parents use and they all have an effect. Some work better for some children while other forms may work for another. Parents can sometimes be stuck with how they should discipline their children and they want to know more about what is effective. In terms of punishment one form that is commonly used is corporal punishment, which is punishment in the physical form. One form of corporal punishment is spanking. For years and years, the spanking debate has been a major parenting dilemma. There are those that believe that spanking is wrong and shouldn’t be used and there are others who believe that sometimes a good spanking gets the point†¦show more content†¦The article hits home that parents shouldn’t spank their kids â€Å"I don’t want readers to think everyone who spanks their kid is abusive, but it is a violent behavior and we certainly don’t con done it. There are alternatives. You never need to spank your child† (Marcus). The information presented in this article is using anecdotal evidence. It presents anecdotal evidence by gathering information from parents and non- parent’s experiences and comparing them. The article also gathers information from the psychology department from SMU, but doesn’t provide any well supported scientific statistics. The child effects are slightly touched on in the form of how a child acts in the long run â€Å"spanking a child leads to more bad behaviors, not the better manners some parents may wish for. A five- decade study out last year found that kids who are spanked are more likely to be aggressive and antisocial† (Marcus). There are multiple influences that tie into spanking and why maybe some parents will choose to spank their children over others. Some influences include culture, parenting in culture, and parenting based on socio- economic status. In the artic le The Great Spanking Debate itShow MoreRelatedEssay about Child Discipline1793 Words   |  8 PagesChildren in today’s society seems to be more â€Å"out of control† than prior generations. Is this due to lack of discipline? For generations children were spanked, had their mouths smacked when back talking, or other various forms of discipline that today would be viewed as child abuse. With today’s generation, when spanking, if a mark is left on that child for longer than 24 hours, it is considered child abuse. How did society, who once thought spanking was okay, go to not seeing eye to eye? Through many yearsRead MoreEssay on Proven Methods Of Child Discipline1465 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach this task correctly? Using proven methods of discipline through reasoning, positive and negative reinforcement, and observational learning one can effectively discipline their children without risking damage to the child’s social and moral development. Research has shown that using reasoning as a method for discipline more often helps develop a child’s ability to conform to the standards of what is considered right or just behaviour. Discipline derives from the Latin word â€Å"disciplinare† meaningRead MoreDiscipline Teaches a Child to Follow the Rules Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesDiscipline If you want your child to become a responsible, respected adult then you must discipline your child. This must be done without humiliation or abuse. â€Å"Discipline is the process of teaching your child what type of behavior is acceptable and what type is not acceptable. 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Read MoreDiscipline And Abuse By Ray Rice And Adrian Peterson972 Words   |  4 PagesDiscipline or Abuse? A Thin Line Revealed A thin line exists between discipline and abuse, but where is it drawn? Ray Rice and Adrian Peterson are two individuals who might have just crossed it. Most people agree that Ray Rice, who punched his fiancee in the face, knocking her out cold, committed a crime. How is it, then, that when Adrian Peterson whips his four-year-old son with a switch, it is considered an â€Å"acceptable† form of discipline? Throughout this essay, I wish to explore how people oftenRead MoreDiscipline And Abuse By Ray Rice And Adrian Peterson972 Words   |  4 Pages Discipline or Abuse? A Thin Line Revealed A thin line exists between discipline and abuse, but where is it drawn? Ray Rice and Adrian Peterson are two individuals who might have just crossed it. Most people agree that Ray Rice, who punched his fiancee in the face knocking her out cold, committed a crime. How is it then, that when Adrian Peterson whips his four-year-old son with a switch, it is considered an â€Å"acceptable† form of discipline? Throughout this essay, I wish to explore how peopleRead MoreParenting Styles : Parental Child Rearing1262 Words   |  6 Pagesin the development of a child. During the first few years of life, the parents assume a special role of importance as their child progresses through a unique period of human development. As parents guide their young children from complete dependence into the beginning stages of self autonomy, parenting styles can have both immediate and lasting effects of the child s social functioning in addition to their mental and physical development. In ord er to ensure the child reaches their developmentalRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology859 Words   |  4 Pageseven born yet. As current psychologists have knowledges from past child and developmental psychologists, it is important to utilize those knowledges to guide next generations to better future. Even though there are many child and developmental psychologists to mention, psychologists Diana Baumrind, Henry Harlow, Kenneth Clark, and Mamie Clark are chosen psychologist for this essay. They are chosen to describe and explained on this essay, because Baumrind’s parenting style, Harlow’s important elements